The term full/thru tang means that the knife/sword is one solid piece and the 2 handle pieces are pinned on to the blade, one on each side.
This is the strongest of the tang types.
Rat Tail Tang
In a rat tail tang, the tang narrows
as it goes through the handle and is either threaded at the end
or is welded to a piece of threaded rod. A bolt or threaded pommel
secures the blade to the handle.
About half of the handle is tang. This half of the tang is frequently visible on the back/top of the handle.
In a half length push tang, the tang is about half the length of the handle. The tang is inserted into the handle and fixed in place usually with a strong glue, sometimes it is pinned.
In a full length push tang, the tang is slightly smaller than the length of the handle. The tang is inserted into the handle and fixed in place usually with a strong glue, it is sometimes pinned.
In an encapsulated tang, the handle is molded/cast around the blade and can follow its contours.